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AI時代の日英特許翻訳のチェックポイント

19/5/2026

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2026年5月7日に配信された(第285回)知財実務オンライン:「AI時代の日英特許翻訳のチェックポイント」は、株式会社ユー・イングリッシュ代表取締役、日本テクニカルイングリッシュ協会代表の中山裕木子氏が、生成AIの普及によって変わりつつある特許翻訳実務について解説しました。(約1時間39分)
まず、英文特許明細書が「権利文書」「技術文書」「翻訳文」という三つの性質を持つことを確認。そのうえで、日本語と英語の違い、特に単数・複数、先行詞、冠詞、論理構造の処理が、米国出願における明確性拒絶や方式拒絶につながり得ることが具体例とともに紹介されました。
生成AIは、翻訳文の問題点を抽出したり、表現の代替案を示したりする点で大きな可能性を持っていますが、一方で、ハルシネーションや日による出力の揺れ、特許文書としての判断責任をAIに委ねきれない点も強調されました。特に、AIに「特許らしく」翻訳させるだけでは、かえって古い表現や不自然な専門語を生む危険がありますので、AI活用の前提として、各社が「目指す英文特許明細書」を明文化する必要性、MPEPや審査経過、クレームドラフティングの知見を踏まえたスタイルガイドを整備し、人間が最終判断できる体制を作ることがAI時代の品質管理には欠かせないこととして、強調されました。
AI時代の翻訳実務を考えるうえで、知財担当者に示唆の多い内容です。
今回は、「ここからちょっと実案件になりますので、5分ほどオフザレコードとさせていただきたいと思います。」(約5分)「ここまでオフレコードでございます。」ということで、録画動画で削除された部分が5分程ありました。録画だとこういうこともありますので、できれば最初の配信時にしっかり見ておくべきだなと改めて思いました。
(ちなみに、実案件の紹介では、AIを使った特許出願における「残念な消え残り日本語バージョン」としてAI生成後の文言らしきものが特許請求の範囲に残っている例が印象に残りました。)
 
★(一部削除)★(第285回)知財実務オンライン:「AI時代の日英特許翻訳のチェックポイント」
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZF21QT1NUE&t=83s
 
 
Key Checkpoints for Japanese-to-English Patent Translation in the AI Era
The 285th session of IP Practice Online, streamed on May 7, 2026, titled “Key Checkpoints for Japanese-to-English Patent Translation in the AI Era,” featured an explanation by Yukiko Nakayama, President of U-English Inc. and Representative of the Japan Technical English Association, on how patent translation practice is changing with the spread of generative AI. (Approx. 1 hour and 39 minutes)
The session first confirmed that an English patent specification possesses three distinct characteristics: it is simultaneously a “legal rights document,” a “technical document,” and a “translation.” Based on this premise, the presentation explained, with concrete examples, how differences between Japanese and English—particularly with respect to singular/plural distinctions, antecedents, articles, and logical sentence structure—can lead to clarity rejections or formal objections in U.S. patent applications.
Generative AI has significant potential in identifying issues in translated text and proposing alternative expressions. At the same time, however, the presentation emphasized the risks of hallucinations, day-to-day variability in output, and the fact that responsibility for judgment in patent documents cannot simply be delegated to AI. In particular, it was pointed out that merely instructing AI to translate “in a patent-like manner” may instead produce outdated expressions or unnatural technical terminology.
Therefore, as a prerequisite for effective AI utilization, the speaker stressed the importance of each company explicitly defining the type of English patent specification it aims to produce. She also emphasized that, in the AI era, quality control requires the establishment of style guides based on the MPEP, prosecution history practice, and claim drafting expertise, together with a framework in which humans retain final decision-making authority.
The session provided many valuable insights for IP professionals considering translation practice in the AI era.
This time, there was also a segment where the speaker stated, “From here, we will move slightly into an actual client matter, so I would like to go off the record for about five minutes.” (approximately five minutes), followed later by, “That concludes the off-the-record portion.” As a result, around five minutes of content had been removed from the recorded video. Experiences like this remind me that, whenever possible, it is best to watch these sessions during the original live broadcast.
(By the way, in the introduction of the actual case, one particularly memorable example was a “regrettable leftover Japanese version” in an AI-assisted patent application, where wording apparently generated by AI had remained in the claims section.)

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