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令和8年(行ケ)第10016号 手続違背

11/10/2026

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令和8年(行ケ)第10016号審決取消請求事件(転がり軸受事件:令和8年9月9日判決言渡)は、特許出願の拒絶査定不服審判請求に係る不成立審決に手続上の瑕疵が存在するとして審決を取り消した事例です。原告は、発明の名称を「転がり軸受」とする発明につき特許出願( 特願2020- 186871)をし、拒絶査定を受けたことから、拒絶査定不服審判請求をし、特許請求の範囲の記載を補正( 本件補正) しましたが、特許庁は、本件補正を認めた上、請求不成立の審決(本件審決)をしました。
本件は本件審決の取消訴訟であり、本件審決の審理判断の対象、発明の明確性、実施可能要件、進歩性等が争点となりましたが、。本件判決は、以下のとおり、本件審決には手続上の瑕疵が存在するとしてこれを取り消しました。
「本件審決の審理判断の対象について検討するに、本件審決の「理由」欄の「第2 本願発明」には、本件補正により補正された特許請求の範囲の請求項1は前記第2の3⑵のとおりであると記載される一方で、「第4 当審における判断」には、… 一貫して本件補正による補正前の請求項1が記載され、本件補正による補正前の請求項1に係る発明を対象として審理判断がされている。
そうすると、本件審決には、本件補正による補正後の請求項1に係る発明を対象として、その明確性、実施可能要件、進歩性等につき審理判断すべきであるのに、本件補正による補正前の請求項1に係る発明を対象として、これらを審理判断した手続上の瑕疵が存在するといわざるを得ない。
そして、審理判断の対象を異にする以上、これが本件審決の結論に影響を及ぼすことは明らかであり、本件審決は取り消されるべきである。」
生成AIにこの判決の評釈をさせましたのでご参照ください。
なお、生成AIによる調査・分析結果は、公開された情報だけに基づくものであり、必ずしも実情を示したものではなく、誤った情報を含む可能性があることにご留意のうえ、ご参照ください。
 
令和8年(行ケ)第10016号審決取消請求事件
判 決
https://www.courts.go.jp/assets/hanrei/hanrei-pdf-97024.pdf
要旨
https://www.courts.go.jp/assets/hanrei/hanrei-point_pdf-97024.pdf
 
 
Case No. 2026 (Gyo-Ke) 10016: Procedural Defect
Case No. 2026 (Gyo-Ke) 10016 (the “Rolling Bearing” case; judgment delivered on September 9, 2026) concerned an action seeking revocation of an appeal decision of the Japan Patent Office (JPO). The court revoked the decision, which had rejected an appeal against an examiner’s decision of refusal, on the ground that it contained a procedural defect.
The plaintiff filed a patent application for an invention entitled “Rolling Bearing” (Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-186871). After receiving an examiner’s decision of refusal, the plaintiff filed an appeal against that decision and amended the claims (the “Amendment”). The JPO accepted the Amendment but issued a decision rejecting the appeal (the “Appeal Decision”).
In the action seeking revocation of the Appeal Decision, the issues included the subject matter examined and determined in that decision, the clarity of the claimed invention, compliance with the enablement requirement, and inventive step. The court revoked the Appeal Decision on the ground of a procedural defect, reasoning as follows:
“Turning to the subject matter examined and determined in the Appeal Decision, ‘Section 2: The Claimed Invention’ in the ‘Reasons’ section states that claim 1, as amended by the Amendment, is as set out in Section 2, paragraph 3(2), above. However, ‘Section 4: The Appeal Panel’s Determination’ … consistently sets out claim 1 as it stood before the Amendment, and the examination and determination were directed to the invention defined in claim 1 before the Amendment.
Accordingly, it must be concluded that the Appeal Decision contains a procedural defect: although the invention defined in claim 1 as amended by the Amendment should have been the subject of examination and determination as to clarity, compliance with the enablement requirement, inventive step, and other matters, those matters were instead examined and determined with respect to the invention defined in claim 1 before the Amendment.
Since the examination and determination concerned a different invention from the one that should have been considered, it is clear that this defect affects the outcome of the Appeal Decision. The Appeal Decision must therefore be revoked.”
I have asked generative AI to prepare a case commentary on this judgment for your reference.
Please note that the research and analysis generated by AI are based solely on publicly available information, may not necessarily reflect the actual circumstances, and may contain errors. Please bear these limitations in mind when reviewing the commentary.

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