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明確性要件の積極的適用――特許庁の近時実務に注目

14/10/2026

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知財実務情報Labに、弁護士・弁理士の高石秀樹氏による「近時の特許庁審査・審判実務にみる明確性要件の積極的適用」が掲載されました(2026年10月13日)。
記事は、発明を特定しないクレーム文言について、単に発明の要旨認定から除外するだけでなく、明確性要件違反として扱う事例に着目しています。「除くクレーム」「サブコンビネーションクレーム」「効果・目的・利用者属性等のクレームアップ」の三類型を取り上げ、従来の処理との違いと実務への影響を解説しています。
特に重要なのは、権利化後には、問題となる文言を削除すれば済むとは限らない点です。訂正要件の制約に加え、侵害訴訟では、技術的範囲の主張と明確性要件違反への反論との整合性にも注意が必要とされています。出願時の記載が、後の権利維持・権利行使にも影響する問題です。
なお、これは明確性要件の審査基準本文の改訂ではなく、既存の判断枠組みを積極的に適用する実務上の傾向です。紹介されているのは2025年夏頃から2026年夏の動向であり、裁判所がどこまで認めるかは未確定であることにも留意が必要です。
請求項に追加した文言が、対象発明の構造・機能をどのように特定しているのか――その確認の重要性を再認識させる内容です。出願・中間処理から訂正・権利行使まで、幅広い実務担当者にご一読をお勧めします。
生成AIに本件について深掘りさせましたのでご参照ください。
なお、生成AIによる調査・分析結果は、公開された情報だけに基づくものであり、必ずしも実情を示したものではなく、誤った情報を含む可能性があることにご留意のうえ、ご参照ください。
 
近時の特許庁審査・審判実務にみる明確性要件の積極的適用
2026.10.13
https://chizai-jj-lab.com/2026/10/13/1013-2/
 
 
More Active Application of the Clarity Requirement: A Closer Look at Recent JPO Practice
On October 13, 2026, IP Practice Information Lab published an article by Hideki Takaishi, an attorney-at-law and patent attorney, entitled “More Active Application of the Clarity Requirement in Recent JPO Examination and Trial and Appeal Practice.”
The article highlights cases in which claim language that does not define the invention is not merely disregarded when determining the gist of the invention, but is instead treated as a violation of the clarity requirement. It examines three categories—“claims with disclaimers,” “subcombination claims,” and “claims reciting effects, purposes, user attributes, and similar features”—and explains how these cases differ from conventional treatment and what they mean for patent practice.
A particularly important point is that, once a patent has been granted, simply deleting the problematic wording may not resolve the issue. In addition to the constraints imposed by the requirements for post-grant correction, the article cautions that, in infringement litigation, care must be taken to maintain consistency between arguments concerning the patent’s technical scope and rebuttals to allegations of noncompliance with the clarity requirement. The wording used at the application stage can therefore affect both the subsequent maintenance and enforcement of patent rights.
It should be noted that this is not a revision to the text of the Examination Guidelines concerning the clarity requirement, but rather a trend in practice toward more active application of the existing assessment framework. The developments discussed span the period from around the summer of 2025 through the summer of 2026, and the extent to which the courts will endorse this approach remains unsettled.
How does wording added to a claim define the structure or function of the claimed invention? The article underscores the importance of checking this point. I recommend it to a broad range of practitioners involved in patent work, from application drafting and prosecution through post-grant correction and enforcement.
I have also used generative AI to explore this issue in greater depth. Please refer to the resulting analysis.
Please note that the research and analysis generated by AI are based solely on publicly available information, do not necessarily reflect the actual circumstances, and may contain inaccuracies. Please bear these limitations in mind when reviewing the analysis.

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