月刊パテント2024年7月号(Vol. 77, No. 8, 2024)に掲載されている論考『人工知能の普及下での「当業者」と「普遍的一般知識」(カナダ特許法の非自明性基準)を考える―』では、カナダにおけるの「当業者」と「普遍的一般知識」(カナダ特許法の非自明性基準)について考察、『人工知能が人間の創造性や問題解決能力を模倣する能力が向上するほど、発明における人間と機械の貢献度の境界線が曖昧になってくる場合があることが予想され、「当業者」と「普遍的一般知識」といった法的基準や解釈に多少なりとも影響を与える可能性がある。だが、人工知能の進歩と普及が特許に対して悪影響を与えることはカナダ経済の安定や発展には全く好ましくなく、今後の人工知能の普及動向や関連法の整備の動向を注視していく必要がある。』としています。
日本でも、AI 時代の知的財産権検討会で、『「AI の利活用拡大を見据えた進歩性等の特許審査上の課題」については、現時点では、発明創作過程における AI の利活用の影響によりこれまでの特許審査実務の運用を変更すべき事情があるとは認められないとし、他方、AI を用いた機能・性質の推定等の技術がより発展した場合など、これまでの進歩性・記載要件等の考え方ではイノベーションの成果を適切に保護することができなくなる可能性もあり、今後のAI 技術等の進展を見据えつつ、引き続き我が国制度に対する影響を把握する必要がある。』としています。 生成AIの推論レベルが現状程度であればという前提の議論であり、急速なAI 技術等の進展の影響が顕在化した後、対応が図られることになりそうです。 人工知能の普及下での「当業者」と「普遍的一般知識」(カナダ特許法の非自明性基準)を考える― https://jpaa-patent.info/patent/viewPdf/4465 知的財産推進計画2024 https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/titeki2/chitekizaisan2024/pdf/siryou2.pdf “Person skilled in the art” and “universal general knowledge” in the age of artificial intelligence In the article "Considering the 'person skilled in the art' and 'general knowledge' under the spread of artificial intelligence (the non-obviousness standard of the Canadian Patent Act)" published in the July 2024 issue of the monthly magazine Patent (Vol. 77, No. 8, 2024), the author considers the "person skilled in the art" and "public knowledge" (the non-obviousness standard of the Canadian Patent Act), and discusses the possibility that as the ability of artificial intelligence to mimic human creativity and problem-solving skills improves, the line between human and machine contributions to invention may become blurred, and this may have some impact on legal standards and interpretations such as "person skilled in the art" and "public knowledge." However, the negative impact of the progress and spread of artificial intelligence on patents is not at all favorable to the stability and development of the Canadian economy, and it is necessary to keep a close eye on the future trends in the spread of artificial intelligence and the trends in the development of related laws. Similarly, in Japan, the Study Group on Intellectual Property Rights in the Age of AI has stated that "With respect to issues such as inventive step in patent examination with a view to expanding the use of AI, there are currently no circumstances that would require a change in the operation of existing patent examination practices due to the impact of the use of AI in the process of invention creation. There is a possibility that if technologies such as AI-based function and property estimation continue to develop, the current approach to evaluating inventive step and written description requirements may no longer be able to adequately protect the results of innovation, and it is necessary to continue to monitor the impact on Japan's system while keeping an eye on the future development of AI technology, etc." This is a discussion based on the assumption that the level of inference of generative AI is at the current level, and it seems that measures will be taken after the impact of the rapid development of AI technology becomes apparent.
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著者萬秀憲 アーカイブ
December 2024
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