進歩性要件における二次的考慮説の現在地

パテント誌 2024年6月号の東京大学大学院法学政治学研究科 田村善之 教授「進歩性（非容易推考性）要件における二次的考慮説の現在地～プロキシー（代理変数）としての「顕著な効果」論～」は、進歩性（非容易推考性）の要件において、田村教授が支持する二次的考慮説の立ち場から、局所的眼科用処方物最判、二次的考慮説と称する見解のなかで登場している「非成功の合理的な期待説、阻害要因説とでも命名すべき見解」、さらに、二次的考慮説と独立要件説に対する第三の立場として主張されている「技術的貢献説」、への考え方を示しています。
そして、技術的貢献説からの示唆を踏まえつつ、従前どおりの二次的考慮説を維持しながら、顕著な効果を構成の非容易推考性を示すプロキシー（代理変数）として運用することが望ましいと考えていると結論されています。
 
進歩性（非容易推考性）要件における二次的考慮説の現在地～プロキシーとしての「顕著な効果」論～
https://jpaa-patent.info/patent/viewPdf/4447
 
 
The Current Status of the Secondary Considerations Theory in the Requirement of Inventive Step
 
In the June 2024 issue of the Patent Journal, Professor Yoshiyuki Tamura of the Graduate Schools for Law and Politics at the University of Tokyo discusses "The Current Status of the Secondary Considerations Theory in the Requirement of Inventive Step (Non-Obviousness) – The Theory of ‘Significant Effect’ as a Proxy (surrogate variable).”
From the standpoint of the secondary considerations theory, which Professor Tamura supports, he addresses various perspectives, including the Supreme Court’s decision on a localized ophthalmic preparation, the "rational expectation of failure theory," and the "obstruction theory," which should be named among the views referred to as the secondary considerations theory. Furthermore, he introduces the "technical contribution theory," which is proposed as a third position independent of the secondary considerations theory and the independent requirement theory.
Taking into account the insights from the technical contribution theory, Professor Tamura concludes that it is desirable to maintain the traditional secondary considerations theory while using significant effect as a proxy (surrogate variable) to demonstrate the non-obviousness of the invention.

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