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Human-in-the-LoopかHuman-on-the-Loopか

28/4/2026

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生成AIを知的財産業務に活用していく場合の自律的に動くAI(AI エージェント/Agentic AI)に対する人間がどうあるべきかが大きな課題になってきました。人間の関与モデルには、人間が主導権を握るHITL( Human-in-the-Loop / 人間がループ内にいる)、人間が監視役を担うHOTL(Human-on-the-Loop / 人間がループ上にいる)、そしてAIが完全自律するHOOTL ( Human-out-of-the-Loop / 人間がループ外にいる)という3つの協働フレームワークが提示されています。
生成AIを知的財産業務に活用していくと、当初はすべて人間がチェックすることとするとチェック業務に振り回される状態が生まれてしまうこともあります。特許明細書の作成などの高リスク業務には厳格な人間の関与が必要とされる一方、調査や管理業務ではAIの自律性を高めることで圧倒的な効率化が図られるべきでしょう。どの業務をHITLとし、どの業務をHOTLとすべきか、先進企業では適切なガバナンスの下でHOTLの割合が増加し圧倒的な効率化が図られています。
生成AIにこの課題について深掘りさせました。なお、生成AIによる調査・分析結果は、公開された情報からだけの分析であり、必ずしも実情を示したものではないこと、誤った情報も含まれていることについてはご留意されたうえで、ご参照ください。
 
Human-in-the-Loop or Human-on-the-Loop
As generative AI is increasingly applied to intellectual property operations, a central challenge has emerged: how humans should engage with autonomous AI systems (AI agents / agentic AI). Three collaborative frameworks have been proposed to define the role of human involvement:
  • HITL (Human-in-the-Loop), where humans retain primary control within the loop;
  • HOTL (Human-on-the-Loop), where humans act as supervisors overseeing the process; and
  • HOOTL (Human-out-of-the-Loop), where AI operates fully autonomously without human intervention.
When deploying generative AI in IP workflows, requiring human verification for every output at the outset can lead to a situation where teams are overwhelmed by review tasks. While high-risk activities such as patent specification drafting demand strict human involvement, areas like search and administrative operations should pursue dramatic efficiency gains by increasing AI autonomy. The key question is which tasks should follow a HITL model and which should adopt HOTL. In leading companies, under appropriate governance frameworks, the proportion of HOTL is increasing, enabling substantial improvements in efficiency.
I asked generative AI to provide an in-depth analysis of this issue. Please note that the analysis is based solely on publicly available information and may not fully reflect actual conditions. It may also contain inaccuracies.

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    著者

    萬秀憲

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