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AI利活用における民事責任の解釈適用に関する手引き

15/4/2026

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2026年4月9日、経済産業省は、AI利活用時の民事責任の在り方について、現行法における解釈の考え方を整理した「AI利活用における民事責任の解釈適用に関する手引き」を公表しました。
この手引きは、AIによる権利侵害が発生した際の損害賠償責任について、現行の不法行為法に基づくデフォルト・ルールを体系化しています。AIを人間の判断を助ける「補助/支援型」と、AIに判断を委ねる「依拠/代替型」に分類し、それぞれの主体が負うべき注意義務の内容を明確にしています。特に知的財産分野では、著作権や特許権、営業秘密などの侵害リスクに対し、利用者は検証体制の構築、開発者は技術的なガードレールの実装が求められると説いています。
この手引きが直接扱う知財関連事例もありますが、知財分野ではそのほかにどんな事例が考えられるか、手引きの枠組みを知財業務に応用した事例を生成AIに深掘りさせました。
なお、生成AIによる調査・分析結果は、公開された情報からだけの分析であり、必ずしも実情を示したものではないこと、誤った情報も含まれていることについてはご留意されたうえで、ご参照ください。
 
2026年4月9日
https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2026/04/20260409001/20260409001.html?fbclid=IwdGRzaARJ1SpjbGNrBEnVEGV4dG4DYWVtAjExAHNydGMGYXBwX2lkDDM1MDY4NTUzMTcyOAABHqHA-fDQkZVl_ZBx2JaqZKrmkGQuj4fjkmaaXDi-GQXg44ei90enzGixXSF9_aem_2cN9DDkpU17VuPXhOdwX5g&sfnsn=mo
 
AI利活用における民事責任の解釈適用に関する手引き
経済産業省[第 1.0 版]
https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2026/04/20260409001/20260409001-1.pdf
 
AI利活用における民事責任の解釈適用に関する手引き
概要資料
https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2026/04/20260409001/20260409001-2.pdf
 
 
Guidelines on the Interpretation and Application of Civil Liability in the Use of AI
On April 9, 2026, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) released the “Guidelines on the Interpretation and Application of Civil Liability in the Use of AI,” which organize how existing laws should be interpreted with respect to civil liability arising from the use of AI.
These guidelines systematize the default rules under current tort law regarding liability for damages in cases where AI causes infringement of rights. They classify AI usage into two categories: (i) “assistive/support-type,” where AI aids human decision-making, and (ii) “reliance/substitutive-type,” where decision-making is delegated to AI. For each category, the guidelines clarify the scope of the duty of care borne by the relevant parties.
In particular, in the field of intellectual property, the guidelines emphasize that, in response to risks of infringement involving copyrights, patent rights, and trade secrets, users are expected to establish appropriate verification frameworks, while developers are required to implement technical guardrails.
While the guidelines include certain IP-related case examples, we also used generative AI to further explore additional potential scenarios in the IP domain by applying the framework presented in the guidelines.
Please note that the research and analysis generated by AI are based solely on publicly available information and may not necessarily reflect actual circumstances, and may contain inaccuracies.

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