• Home
  • Services
  • About
  • Contact
  • Blog
  • 知財活動のROICへの貢献
  • 生成AIを活用した知財戦略の策定方法
  • 生成AIとの「壁打ち」で、新たな発明を創出する方法

​
​よろず知財コンサルティングのブログ

北海道大学サマーセミナー2025四日目

26/8/2025

0 Comments

 
8月23日から北海道大学サマーセミナー2025が北海道大学で開催されています。
四日目の8月26日、午前は、東海林保先生(TMI 総合法律事務所弁護士)による「医療関連行為と特許権侵害」でした。非常に良く整理されたわかりやすい講義でした。
 
メモ:
医療関連行為と特許権侵害(豊胸用組成物事件を契機に)
医療関連発明の産業上利用可能性
医師等の行為に特許権行使できるか
一般医療と美容医療の区別
1. 医療行為と特許権行使の規制
医療行為に特許を及ぼすべきでない根拠
人の生命・尊厳 → 公開すべき
医業は「産業」ではない(医師法17条)
医師が特許侵害を恐れて医療行為に萎縮 → 回避すべき
規制の枠組み
川上規制:発明の特許不適格(TRIPs/EPC)
川下規制:特許を認めつつ医師の免責(米国法287条C)
2. 日本における現状
特許法32条:公序良俗・公衆衛生害の発明は不特許
特許法69条3項:調剤行為の免責(医師処方による調剤)
医療行為一般を不特許とする明文規定なし
審査基準:人間を手術・治療・診断する方法は「産業利用性なし」と解釈
判例:
外科手術表示方法事件(2002年)→医療行為は不特許
ピオグリタゾン大阪事件(2012年)→併用療法は医療行為に該当
3. 豊胸用組成物事件(知財高裁特別部 2025年3月19日判決)
発明:自己由来血漿+bFGF+脂肪乳剤による豊胸組成物(物の発明)
控訴人:特許権者、被控訴人:美容外科医師
医師が調合薬剤を用いた豊胸術 → 特許侵害と認定
一審は非侵害 → 高裁大合議で逆転、損害賠償1,500万円認容
特徴
物の発明(方法でない)
相手が製薬会社でなく医師
美容医療に関する事案
4. 主な争点
「無細胞プラズマジェル」は「自己由来の血漿」に該当か
医師が混合して薬剤を製造 → 発明の「生産」に当たるか
本件特許は産業利用性(29条1項柱書)を満たすか
美容医療は「医薬」か(69条3項の適用)
権利濫用の有無
5. 裁判所の判断(要点)
産業利用性あり:物の発明として保護対象
美容医療は病気治療に当たらない → 69条3項の免責不適用
権利濫用なし:豊胸は「病気」でなく、公益性も直ちに認められない
結果:特許侵害成立、損害賠償命令
6. 今後の課題
第三者意見募集制度(日本版アミカス・キュリエ)活用 → 本件でも19件意見提出
 ただし、採用されたのは12件
「物の発明」と「方法の発明」の区別の曖昧さ
一般医療と美容医療の区別の可否 → 意見分かれる
医師免責規定の範囲をどうするか → 美容医療含めるか否か
立法的解決の必要性(免責の川下規制で対応すべきとの声)
 
 
Hokkaido University Summer Seminar 2025, Day 4
The Hokkaido University Summer Seminar 2025 has been taking place at Hokkaido University since August 23. On the fourth day, August 26, the morning session featured a lecture by Professor Tamotsu Shoji (Attorney at TMI Associates) titled "Medical Practices and Patent Infringement." The lecture was well-organized and easy to understand.
 
Notes:
Medical Practices and Patent Infringement (Prompted by the Breast Augmentation Composition Case)
  • Industrial applicability of medical-related inventions
  • Can patent rights be enforced against the actions of doctors?
  • Distinction between general medical care and cosmetic medicine
1. Regulations on Medical Practices and Patent Enforcement
  • Reasons why patents should not apply to medical practices:
    • Human life and dignity → should be disclosed
    • Medical practice is not considered an “industry” (Medical Practitioners Act, Article 17)
    • Concern that fear of patent infringement may discourage doctors from providing care → should be avoided
  • Regulatory frameworks:
    • Upstream: Inventions not eligible for patents (TRIPs/EPC)
    • Downstream: Patents are granted, but doctors are exempt from liability (US Law, §287(c))
2. Current Situation in Japan
  • Patent Act Article 32: Inventions harmful to public order, morals, or public health are unpatentable
  • Patent Act Article 69(3): Exemption for dispensing under a doctor’s prescription
  • No explicit provision excluding all medical practices from patentability
  • Examination guidelines: Methods for surgery, therapy, or diagnosis on humans lack industrial applicability
  • Key cases:
    • Surgical Method Display Case (2002): Medical acts deemed unpatentable
    • Pioglitazone Osaka Case (2012): Combination therapy considered a medical act
3. Breast Augmentation Composition Case (IP High Court Grand Panel, March 19, 2025)
  • Invention: A composition for breast augmentation made from autologous plasma + bFGF + fat emulsion (product invention)
  • Appellant: Patent holder; Appellee: Cosmetic surgeon
  • The surgeon performed breast augmentation using the mixed drugs → ruled as patent infringement
  • First trial: no infringement; High Court reversed the decision and ordered ¥15 million in damages
Key Points:
  • Product invention (not a method)
  • Defendant was a doctor, not a pharmaceutical company
  • Related to cosmetic medicine
4. Main Issues:
  • Does “cell-free plasma gel” qualify as “autologous plasma”?
  • Does mixing drugs by the doctor count as “production” of the invention?
  • Does the patent meet the industrial applicability requirement (Article 29(1))?
  • Is cosmetic medicine considered “medical treatment” (Article 69(3))?
  • Was there abuse of patent rights?
5. Court Judgment (Summary):
  • Industrial applicability recognized: protected as a product invention
  • Cosmetic medicine not considered treatment of illness → Article 69(3) exemption not applicable
  • No abuse of rights: Breast augmentation is not a “disease,” and public benefit is not immediately recognized
  • Conclusion: Patent infringement confirmed; damages awarded
6. Future Issues:
  • Use of third-party opinion submission system (Japan’s version of amicus curiae) → 19 submissions in this case, 12 adopted
  • Ambiguity between “product inventions” and “method inventions”
  • Debate on distinguishing general medical care and cosmetic medicine
  • Scope of doctor exemption: Should it include cosmetic medicine?
  • Need for legislative resolution (many argue for downstream exemption regulation)
 
0 Comments



Leave a Reply.

    著者

    萬秀憲

    アーカイブ

    September 2025
    August 2025
    July 2025
    June 2025
    May 2025
    April 2025
    March 2025
    February 2025
    January 2025
    December 2024
    November 2024
    October 2024
    September 2024
    August 2024
    July 2024
    June 2024
    May 2024
    April 2024
    March 2024
    February 2024
    January 2024
    December 2023
    November 2023
    October 2023
    September 2023
    August 2023
    July 2023
    June 2023
    May 2023
    April 2023
    March 2023
    February 2023
    January 2023
    December 2022
    November 2022
    October 2022
    September 2022
    August 2022
    July 2022
    June 2022
    May 2022
    April 2022
    March 2022
    February 2022
    January 2022
    December 2021
    November 2021
    October 2021
    September 2021
    August 2021
    July 2021
    June 2021
    May 2021
    April 2021
    March 2021
    February 2021
    January 2021
    December 2020
    November 2020
    October 2020
    September 2020
    August 2020
    July 2020
    June 2020

    カテゴリー

    All

    RSS Feed

Copyright © よろず知財戦略コンサルティング All Rights Reserved.
サイトはWeeblyにより提供され、お名前.comにより管理されています
  • Home
  • Services
  • About
  • Contact
  • Blog
  • 知財活動のROICへの貢献
  • 生成AIを活用した知財戦略の策定方法
  • 生成AIとの「壁打ち」で、新たな発明を創出する方法